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ERT field data with topography#
Simple example of data measured over a slagdump demonstrating:
2D inversion with topography
geometric factor generation
topography effect
import pygimli as pg
from pygimli.physics import ert
Get some example data with, typically by a call like data = ert.load(“filename.dat”) that supports various file formats
data = pg.getExampleData('ert/slagdump.ohm', verbose=True)
print(data)
[:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100% ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::] 5435 of 5435 complete
md5: f27293809709e8fdc89bfb0a55e6e1ec
Data: Sensors: 38 data: 222, nonzero entries: ['a', 'b', 'm', 'n', 'r', 'valid']
The data file does not contain geometric factors (token field ‘k’), so we create them based on the given topography.
data['k'] = ert.createGeometricFactors(data, numerical=True)
We initialize the ERTManager for further steps and eventually inversion.
mgr = ert.ERTManager(sr=False)
It might be interesting to see the topography effect, i.e the ratio between the numerically computed geometry factor and the analytical formula
k0 = ert.createGeometricFactors(data)
ert.showData(data, vals=k0/data['k'], label='Topography effect')
![plot 02 ert field data](../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_02_ert_field_data_001.png)
(<Axes: >, <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar object at 0x7f80599f83a0>)
The data container has no apparent resistivities (token field ‘rhoa’) yet. We can let the Manager fix this later for us (as we now have the ‘k’ field), or we do it manually.
mgr.checkData(data)
print(data)
Data: Sensors: 38 data: 222, nonzero entries: ['a', 'b', 'k', 'm', 'n', 'r', 'rhoa', 'valid']
The data container does not necessarily contain data errors data errors (token field ‘err’), requiring us to enter data errors. We can let the manager guess some defaults for us automaticly or set them manually
data['err'] = ert.estimateError(data, relativeError=0.03, absoluteUError=5e-5)
# or manually:
# data['err'] = data_errors # somehow
ert.show(data, data['err']*100)
![plot 02 ert field data](../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_02_ert_field_data_002.png)
(<Axes: >, <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar object at 0x7f80598efb20>)
Now the data have all necessary fields (‘rhoa’, ‘err’ and ‘k’) so we can run the inversion. The inversion mesh will be created with some optional values for the parametric mesh generation.
mod = mgr.invert(data, lam=10, verbose=True,
paraDX=0.3, paraMaxCellSize=10, paraDepth=20, quality=33.6)
mgr.showResult()
![plot 02 ert field data](../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_02_ert_field_data_003.png)
fop: <pygimli.physics.ert.ertModelling.ERTModelling object at 0x7f80595dc5e0>
Data transformation: <pygimli.core._pygimli_.RTransLogLU object at 0x7f80595ddd50>
Model transformation: <pygimli.core._pygimli_.RTransLog object at 0x7f80595de070>
min/max (data): 6.07/33.48
min/max (error): 3.02%/4.11%
min/max (start model): 10.65/10.65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 0 ... chi² = 198.16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 1 ... chi² = 16.19 (dPhi = 90.28%) lam: 10.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 2 ... chi² = 1.58 (dPhi = 80.44%) lam: 10.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 3 ... chi² = 1.01 (dPhi = 11.83%) lam: 10.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 4 ... chi² = 0.98 (dPhi = 0.53%) lam: 10.0
################################################################################
# Abort criterion reached: chi² <= 1 (0.98) #
################################################################################
(<Axes: >, <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar object at 0x7f805971e080>)
We can view the resulting model in the usual way.
mgr.showResultAndFit()
# np.testing.assert_approx_equal(ert.inv.chi2(), 1.10883, significant=3)
![plot 02 ert field data](../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_02_ert_field_data_004.png)
<Figure size 1100x600 with 6 Axes>
Or just plot the model only using your own options.
mgr.showResult(mod, cMin=5, cMax=30, cMap="Spectral_r", logScale=True)
![plot 02 ert field data](../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_02_ert_field_data_005.png)
(<Axes: >, <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar object at 0x7f8038ece8c0>)
Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 50.692 seconds)